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Context

Table of Contents

1. Philosophy

Culture? What Culture?The Durability of UnixThe Case against Learning Unix CultureWhat Unix Gets WrongWhat Unix Gets RightOpen-Source SoftwareCross-Platform Portability and Open StandardsThe Internet and the World Wide WebThe Open-Source CommunityFlexibility All the Way DownUnix Is Fun to HackThe Lessons of Unix Can Be Applied ElsewhereBasics of the Unix PhilosophyRule of Modularity: Write simple parts connected by clean interfaces.Rule of Clarity: Clarity is better than cleverness.Rule of Composition: Design programs to be connected with other programs.Rule of Separation: Separate policy from mechanism; separate interfaces from engines.Rule of Simplicity: Design for simplicity; add complexity only where you must.Rule of Parsimony: Write a big program only when it is clear by demonstration that nothing else will do.Rule of Transparency: Design for visibility to make inspection and debugging easier.Rule of Robustness: Robustness is the child of爐ransparency and simplicity.Rule of Representation: Fold knowledge into data, so爌rogram logic can be stupid and robust.Rule of Least Surprise: In interface design, always do the爈east surprising thing.Rule of Silence: When a program has nothing surprising to say, it should say nothing.Rule of Repair: Repair what you can — but when you must fail, fail noisily and as soon as possible.Rule of Economy: Programmer time is expensive; conserve it in preference to machine time.Rule of Generation: Avoid hand-hacking; write programs to write programs when you can.Rule of Optimization: Prototype before polishing. Get it working before you optimize it.Rule of Diversity: Distrust all claims for one true way.Rule of Extensibility: Design for the future, because it will be here sooner than you think.The Unix Philosophy in One LessonApplying the Unix PhilosophyAttitude Matters Too

2. History

Origins and History of Unix, 1969-1995Genesis: 1969–1971Exodus: 1971–1980TCP/IP and the Unix Wars: 1980-1990Blows against the Empire: 1991-1995Origins and History of the Hackers, 1961-1995At Play in the Groves of Academe: 1961-1980Internet Fusion and the Free Software Movement: 1981-1991Linux and the Pragmatist Reaction: 1991-1998The Open-Source Movement: 1998 and OnwardThe Lessons of Unix History

3. Contrasts

The Elements of Operating-System StyleWhat Is the Operating System's Unifying Idea?Multitasking CapabilityCooperating ProcessesInternal BoundariesFile Attributes and Record StructuresBinary File FormatsPreferred User Interface StyleIntended AudienceEntry Barriers to DevelopmentOperating-System ComparisonsVMSMacOSOS/2Windows NTBeOSMVSVM/CMSLinuxWhat Goes Around, Comes Around

 

 

 

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Author's Acknowledgements  Home 燙hapter�Philosophy

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