第141页 | Learning the Bash Shell | 阅读 ‧ 电子书库

Ignoring Signals

Sometimes a signal comes in that you don't want to do anything about. If you give the null string ("" or `') as the command argument to trap, then the shell will effectively ignore that signal. The classic example of a signal you may want to ignore is HUP (hangup). This can occur on some UNIX systems when a hangup (disconnection while using a modem—literally "hanging up") or some other network outage takes place.

HUP has the usual default behavior: it will kill the process that receives it. But there are bound to be times when you don't want a background job to terminate when it receives a hangup signal.

To do this, you could write a simple function that looks like this:

function ignorehup {
    trap "" HUP
    eval "$@"
}

We write this as a function instead of a script for reasons that will become clearer when we look in detail at subshells at the end of this chapter.

Actually, there is a UNIX command called nohup that does precisely this. The start script from the last chapter could include nohup:

eval nohup "$@" > logfile 2>&1 &

This prevents HUP from terminating your command and saves its standard and error output in a file. Actually, the following is just as good:

nohup "$@" > logfile 2>&1 &

If you understand why eval is essentially redundant when you use nohup in this case, then you have a firm grasp on the material in the previous chapter. Note that if you don't specify a redirection for any output from the command, nohup places it in a file called nohup.out.