Muscle Myokines

Hormonelike compounds called cytokines are very important body chemicals that help control inflammation, promote fat burning, regulate glycogen, and affect the immune system. A sub-group of these compounds that are made in our muscles are called myokines. One reason our muscles are considered the largest organ of the body is the immense metabolic activity of these myokines.

Muscle myokines not only influence the muscle itself, but many other areas of the body, including the brain, immune system, fat stores, and other muscles.

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During endurance training the contraction of each muscle triggers the release of various myokines. These not only help the local muscles generate energy but assist in recovery; and these chemicals travel through the blood to influence the liver, fat stores, brain, and other areas. Furthermore, myokines may play a role in reducing visceral fat—belly fat (those with higher levels of belly fat may be most in need of building better aerobic function). In addition to helping athletes with their sport, these chemicals help prevent diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. Smaller levels of myokines are also produced at rest in aerobic muscles. Moderate myokine production during exercise can be significantly impaired in those taking synthetic vitamin C (contained in virtually all supplements) and high dose vitamin E (the most popular type).