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Joints
When two bones come together, they form a joint, which allows smooth movement—flexibility—between the bones. Each bone has softer articular cartilage at its joint end for protection. Joints are surrounded by a cover called the articular capsule, which contains a thick lubricating liquid called synovial fluid. The joints and cartilage cushion the bones and protect them from making direct contact.
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The foot has some thirty-three joints. Coordination occurs with the help of more than a hundred ligaments, which connect bones to bones, tendons, which connect muscles to bones, and muscles. The bones provide a solid foundation and leverage for muscles to move the body. Perhaps most joint problems are due to muscle problems associated with the joint. For example, muscle imbalance typically causes poor joint movement leading to joint dysfunction and pain. While reading about the muscles below, note that the bones and joints are supported by these muscles.
