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• What’s New In “Dive Into Python 3”
  • a.k.a. “the minus level”
• Installing Python
  • Diving In
  • Which Python Is Right For You?
  • Installing on Microsoft Windows
  • Installing on Mac OS X
  • Installing on Ubuntu Linux
  • Installing on Other Platforms
  • Using The Python Shell
  • Python Editors and IDEs
• Your First Python Program
  • Diving In
  • Declaring Functions
    • Optional and Named Arguments
  • Writing Readable Code
    • Documentation Strings
  • The import Search Path
  • Everything Is An Object
    • What’s An Object?
  • Indenting Code
  • Exceptions
    • Catching Import Errors
  • Unbound Variables
  • Everything is Case-Sensitive
  • Running Scripts
  • Further Reading
• Native Datatypes
  • Diving In
  • Booleans
  • Numbers
    • Coercing Integers To Floats And Vice-Versa
    • Common Numerical Operations
    • Fractions
    • Trigonometry
    • Numbers In A Boolean Context
  • Lists
    • Creating A List
    • Slicing A List
    • Adding Items To A List
    • Searching For Values In A List
    • Removing Items From A List
    • Removing Items From A List: Bonus Round
    • Lists In A Boolean Context
  • Tuples
    • Tuples In A Boolean Context
    • Assigning Multiple Values At Once
  • Sets
    • Creating A Set
    • Modifying A Set
    • Removing Items From A Set
    • Common Set Operations
    • Sets In A Boolean Context
  • Dictionaries
    • Creating A Dictionary
    • Modifying A Dictionary
    • Mixed-Value Dictionaries
    • Dictionaries In A Boolean Context
  • None
    • None In A Boolean Context
  • Further Reading
• Comprehensions
  • Diving In
  • Working With Files And Directories
    • The Current Working Directory
    • Working With Filenames and Directory Names
    • Listing Directories
    • Getting File Metadata
    • Constructing Absolute Pathnames
  • List Comprehensions
  • Dictionary Comprehensions
    • Other Fun Stuff To Do With Dictionary Comprehensions
  • Set Comprehensions
  • Further Reading
• Strings
  • Some Boring Stuff You Need To Understand Before You Can Dive In
  • Unicode
  • Diving In
  • Formatting Strings
    • Compound Field Names
    • Format Specifiers
  • Other Common String Methods
    • Slicing A String
  • Strings vs. Bytes
  • Postscript: Character Encoding Of Python Source Code
  • Further Reading
• Regular Expressions
  • Diving In
  • Case Study: Street Addresses
  • Case Study: Roman Numerals
    • Checking For Thousands
    • Checking For Hundreds
  • Using The {n,m} Syntax
    • Checking For Tens And Ones
  • Verbose Regular Expressions
  • Case study: Parsing Phone Numbers
  • Summary
• Closures & Generators
  • Diving In
  • I Know, Let’s Use Regular Expressions!
  • A List Of Functions
  • A List Of Patterns
  • A File Of Patterns
  • Generators
    • A Fibonacci Generator
    • A Plural Rule Generator
  • Further Reading
• Classes & Iterators
  • Diving In
  • Defining Classes
    • The __init__() Method
  • Instantiating Classes
  • Instance Variables
  • A Fibonacci Iterator
  • A Plural Rule Iterator
  • Further Reading
• Advanced Iterators
  • Diving In
  • Finding all occurrences of a pattern
  • Finding the unique items in a sequence
  • Making assertions
  • Generator expressions
  • Calculating Permutations… The Lazy Way!
  • Other Fun Stuff in the itertools Module
  • A New Kind Of String Manipulation
  • Evaluating Arbitrary Strings As Python Expressions
  • Putting It All Together
  • Further Reading
• Unit Testing
  • (Not) Diving In
  • A Single Question
  • “Halt And Catch Fire”
  • More Halting, More Fire
  • And One More Thing…
  • A Pleasing Symmetry
  • More Bad Input
• Refactoring
  • Diving In
  • Handling Changing Requirements
  • Refactoring
  • Summary
• Files
  • Diving In
  • Reading From Text Files
    • Character Encoding Rears Its Ugly Head
    • Stream Objects
    • Reading Data From A Text File
    • Closing Files
    • Closing Files Automatically
    • Reading Data One Line At A Time
  • Writing to Text Files
    • Character Encoding Again
  • Binary Files
  • Stream Objects From Non-File Sources
    • Handling Compressed Files
  • Standard Input, Output, and Error
    • Redirecting Standard Output
  • Further Reading
• XML
  • Diving In
  • A 5-Minute Crash Course in XML
  • The Structure Of An Atom Feed
  • Parsing XML
    • Elements Are Lists
    • Attributes Are Dictonaries
  • Searching For Nodes Within An XML Document
  • Going Further With lxml
  • Generating XML
  • Parsing Broken XML
  • Further Reading
• Serializing Python Objects
  • Diving In
    • A Quick Note About The Examples in This Chapter
  • Saving Data to a Pickle File
  • Loading Data from a Pickle File
  • Pickling Without a File
  • Bytes and Strings Rear Their Ugly Heads Again
  • Debugging Pickle Files
  • Serializing Python Objects to be Read by Other Languages
  • Saving Data to a JSON File
  • Mapping of Python Datatypes to JSON
  • Serializing Datatypes Unsupported by JSON
  • Loading Data from a JSON File
  • Further Reading
• HTTP Web Services
  • Diving In
  • Features of HTTP
    • Caching
    • Last-Modified Checking
    • ETag Checking
    • Compression
    • Redirects
  • How Not To Fetch Data Over HTTP
  • What’s On The Wire?
  • Introducing httplib2
    • A Short Digression To Explain Why httplib2 Returns Bytes Instead of Strings
    • How httplib2 Handles Caching
    • How httplib2 Handles Last-Modified and ETag Headers
    • How http2lib Handles Compression
    • How httplib2 Handles Redirects
  • Beyond HTTP GET
  • Beyond HTTP POST
  • Further Reading
• Case Study: Porting chardet to Python 3
  • Diving In
  • What is Character Encoding Auto-Detection?
    • Isn’t That Impossible?
    • Does Such An Algorithm Exist?
  • Introducing The chardet Module
    • UTF-n With A BOM
    • Escaped Encodings
    • Multi-Byte Encodings
    • Single-Byte Encodings
    • windows-1252
  • Running 2to3
  • A Short Digression Into Multi-File Modules
  • Fixing What 2to3 Can’t
    • False is invalid syntax
    • No module named constants
    • Name 'file' is not defined
    • Can’t use a string pattern on a bytes-like object
    • Can't convert 'bytes' object to str implicitly
    • Unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'bytes'
    • ord() expected string of length 1, but int found
    • Unorderable types: int() >= str()
    • Global name 'reduce' is not defined
  • Summary
• Packaging Python Libraries
  • Diving In
  • Things Distutils Can’t Do For You
  • Directory Structure
  • Writing Your Setup Script
  • Classifying Your Package
    • Examples of Good Package Classifiers
  • Specifying Additional Files With A Manifest
  • Checking Your Setup Script for Errors
  • Creating a Source Distribution
  • Creating a Graphical Installer
    • Building Installable Packages for Other Operating Systems
  • Adding Your Software to The Python Package Index
  • The Many Possible Futures of Python Packaging
  • Further Reading
• Porting Code to Python 3 with 2to3
  • Diving In
  • print statement
  • Unicode string literals
  • unicode() global function
  • long data type
  • <> comparison
  • has_key() dictionary method
  • Dictionary methods that return lists
  • Modules that have been renamed or reorganized
    • http
    • urllib
    • dbm
    • xmlrpc
    • Other modules
  • Relative imports within a package
  • next() iterator method
  • filter() global function
  • map() global function
  • reduce() global function
  • apply() global function
  • intern() global function
  • exec statement
  • execfile statement
  • repr literals (backticks)
  • try...except statement
  • raise statement
  • throw method on generators
  • xrange() global function
  • raw_input() and input() global functions
  • func_* function attributes
  • xreadlines() I/O method
  • lambda functions that take a tuple instead of multiple parameters
  • Special method attributes
  • __nonzero__ special method
  • Octal literals
  • sys.maxint
  • callable() global function
  • zip() global function
  • StandardError exception
  • types module constants
  • isinstance() global function
  • basestring datatype
  • itertools module
  • sys.exc_type, sys.exc_value, sys.exc_traceback
  • List comprehensions over tuples
  • os.getcwdu() function
  • Metaclasses
  • Matters of style
    • set() literals (explicit)
    • buffer() global function (explicit)
    • Whitespace around commas (explicit)
    • Common idioms (explicit)
• Special Method Names
  • Diving In
  • Basics
  • Classes That Act Like Iterators
  • Computed Attributes
  • Classes That Act Like Functions
  • Classes That Act Like Sets
  • Classes That Act Like Dictionaries
  • Classes That Act Like Numbers
  • Classes That Can Be Compared
  • Classes That Can Be Serialized
  • Classes That Can Be Used in a with Block
  • Really Esoteric Stuff
  • Further Reading
• Where To Go From Here
  • Things to Read
  • Where To Look For Python 3-Compatible Code
• Troubleshooting
  • Diving In
  • Getting to the Command Line
  • Running Python on the command line