Numeric Type Basics

Most of Python’s number types are fairly typical and will probably seem familiar if you’ve used almost any other programming language in the past. They can be used to keep track of your bank balance, the distance to Mars, the number of visitors to your website, and just about any other numeric quantity.

In Python, numbers are not really a single object type, but a category of similar types. Python supports the usual numeric types (integers and floating points), as well as literals for creating numbers and expressions for processing them. In addition, Python provides more advanced numeric programming support and objects for more advanced work. A complete inventory of Python’s numeric toolbox includes:

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  • Integers and floating-point numbers
  • Complex numbers
  • Fixed-precision decimal numbers
  • Rational fraction numbers
  • Sets
  • Booleans
  • Unlimited integer precision
  • A variety of numeric built-ins and modules

This chapter starts with basic numbers and fundamentals, then moves on to explore the other tools in this list. Before we jump into code, though, the next few sections get us started with a brief overview of how we write and process numbers in our scripts.