Copyright 1940 by Mortimer J. Adler,
renewed 1967 by Mortimer J. Adler
Copyright © 1972 by Mortimer J. Adler
and Charles Van Doren
www.SimonandSchuster.com
All rights reserved
including the right of reproduction
in whole or in part in any form
A Touchstone Book
Published by Simon it Schuster, Inc.

Rockefeller Center
1230 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10020
TOUCHSTONE and colophon are registered trademarks
of Simon Schuster, Inc.

ISBN-13: 978-0-671-21209-4 (pring)
ISBN-10: 0-671-21209-5
ISBN-13: 978-1-439-14483-1 (eBook)
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 72-81451
Designed by Edith Fowler
Manufactured in the United States of America

广告：个人专属 VPN，独立 IP，无限流量，多机房切换，还可以屏蔽广告和恶意软件，每月最低仅 5 美元

The excerpts from the biographies of Charles Darwin and J. S. Mill are reprinted from Great Books of the Western World, by permission of Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.